Healthcare & Laboratory News

Shift In PEPFAR Operations May Impact US Public Health Presence Abroad, Some Experts Say

According to MedPage Today (6/4, Robertson), a major shift in “how the popular President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program operates took effect on June 1, which experts warn will result in a massive decline in the US’s public health presence abroad.” Under the new system, “foreign nations will choose à la carte what services they want to buy from CDC, though countries that receive more than $125 million in US aid will have to purchase a minimum package.”

FDA Approves Intravenous Cefepime And Zidebactam For Patients With Complicated UTIs

MedPage Today (6/4, Rudd) reports, “The FDA approved intravenous cefepime and zidebactam (Zaynich) for” patients with “complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), including pyelonephritis, caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria in adults.” This “novel antibiotic pairs a cephalosporin (cefepime) with a non-beta-lactam antibacterial and beta-lactamase inhibitor (zidebactam) to target a wide range of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.” The agency “based its decision on the phase III ENHANCE-1 trial, which showed the combination to be effective compared with meropenem (89% vs 68.4%) at achieving clinical cure and microbiological response among patients hospitalized with complicated UTIs or acute pyelonephritis.”

Standard Treatment With Intravenous Artesunate Leads To Similar Outcomes Among Children Hospitalized With Severe Malaria Whether They Had Plasmodium Falciparum Genetic Variants Linked To Artemisinin Resistance Or Not, Study Finds

MedPage Today (6/4, Rudd) reports observational study results show that “standard treatment with intravenous artesunate led to similar outcomes among children hospitalized with severe malaria whether they had Plasmodium falciparum genetic variants linked to artemisinin resistance or not.” Published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the results show “median in-hospital stay was 98 hours among patients with PfK13 variants and 91 hours in those with wild-type PfK13, a difference that wasn’t significant.” In addition, “readmission rates by day 180 were also similar, at 24.3% versus 24%. The half-life of geometric mean parasite clearance was 4.47 hours in the PfK13 variant group and 3.07 hours in the wild-type group.”

US Medical Equipment And Specialist Staff Arrive At Kenya Ebola Facility Despite Protests, Court Orders

Reuters (6/3, Kannampilly, Lewis) reports that “around 20 flights carrying medical equipment and specialist staff have landed at a base in Kenya where the US ​government is continuing to build an Ebola quarantine facility despite protests and Kenyan court orders blocking it, according to flight data and officials.” The aircraft have delivered “technical equipment as well as dozens of physicians, engineers, lab experts and construction workers, but no patients, according to a US official.” Meanwhile, the US State Department “said on Wednesday that any US citizen who was at high risk of exposure to Ebola but had not yet shown symptoms could be transported to the facility in Kenya, where they would spend 21 days in quarantine.” Meanwhile, in a separate article, Reuters (6/4, Roy) reports the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) “said on Thursday it is stepping up efforts to help countries across the Americas to strengthen their preparedness for Ebola,” even as “the risk of the disease remains low in the region.” The organization “has activated its incident management system and is working with health ministries to strengthen surveillance, testing and infection control.” It also “is preparing shipments of materials and reagents for molecular detection of Bundibugyo ebolavirus to selected countries with appropriate biosafety capacity, based on risk assessments, it said.”

Researchers Edit DNA Of Early Human Embryos With Unprecedented Accuracy

The New York Times (6/4, Zimmer) reports researchers “have edited the DNA of early human embryos with unprecedented accuracy, an achievement that could open the way to babies engineered with particular characteristics.” Using “a newer technology called base editing,” researchers “were able to meticulously replace individual genetic letters in sequences of DNA without causing the damage often observed with an earlier form of gene editing, CRISPR.” Posted to preprint server bioRxiv, “the research is under review for publication in a scientific journal.”

Rubio Suggests US May Resume Funding Vaccine Alliance

The New York Times (6/2, Nolen, Stolberg) reported Secretary of State Rubio “indicated on Tuesday that the United States may resume its funding of a global vaccines alliance that” HHS Secretary Kennedy “pulled the United States out of last year, an unusual public rebuke of Mr. Kennedy’s involvement in matters of global health.” Rubio, testifying on Capitol Hill, “told senators that President Trump had asked the State Department to allow Mr. Kennedy to ‘play a leading role’ in the decision on whether to fund Gavi.” However, “Rubio suggested in pointed testimony that he was reclaiming control of the US relationship with Gavi, which has historically been managed by the State Department.” Meanwhile, Reuters (6/2, Zengerla, Chiacu, Lewis) reports, “An HHS spokesperson said that both HHS and State were engaging directly with Gavi.” The Hill (6/3, Weixel) provides additional coverage.

Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination During Pregnancy Reduces Risk For COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization During First Six Months Of Life, Study Says

Infectious Disease Advisor (6/3, Khaja) reports a recent study found that “maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy, particularly when administered in the third trimester, reduces risk for COVID-19 infection and hospitalization during the first 6 months of life, whereas vaccination prior to pregnancy provides no substantial benefit.” Researchers in the retrospective cohort study found that “maternal vaccination during pregnancy was also associated with lower risk for infant COVID-19-related hospitalization through age 6 months (VE, 52.9%; 95% CI, 11.1-75.1). The strongest protection against hospitalization was observed with third-trimester vaccination, which demonstrated 64.6% VE (95% CI, 12.3-85.7).” The study was published in Pediatrics.